diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/repository/ChatRoomRepository.kt b/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/repository/ChatRoomRepository.kt
index 0bdb29b..f161cd8 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/repository/ChatRoomRepository.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/repository/ChatRoomRepository.kt
@@ -42,19 +42,20 @@ interface ChatRoomRepository : JpaRepository<ChatRoom, Long> {
                 r.title,
                 pc.character.imagePath,
                 pc.character.characterType,
-                COALESCE(MAX(m.createdAt), r.createdAt)
+                MAX(m.createdAt)
             )
             FROM ChatRoom r
             JOIN r.participants p
             JOIN r.participants pc
-            LEFT JOIN r.messages m
+            JOIN r.messages m
             WHERE p.member = :member
               AND p.isActive = true
               AND pc.participantType = kr.co.vividnext.sodalive.chat.room.ParticipantType.CHARACTER
               AND pc.isActive = true
               AND r.isActive = true
+              AND m.isActive = true
             GROUP BY r.id, r.title, r.createdAt, pc.character.imagePath, pc.character.characterType
-            ORDER BY COALESCE(MAX(m.createdAt), r.createdAt) DESC
+            ORDER BY MAX(m.createdAt) DESC
         """
     )
     fun findMemberRoomsOrderByLastMessageDesc(
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/service/ChatRoomService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/service/ChatRoomService.kt
index 9ecedeb..aa54e26 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/service/ChatRoomService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/kr/co/vividnext/sodalive/chat/room/service/ChatRoomService.kt
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.UUID
 
 @Service
@@ -218,16 +220,16 @@ class ChatRoomService(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun formatRelativeTime(time: java.time.LocalDateTime?): String {
+    private fun formatRelativeTime(time: LocalDateTime?): String {
         if (time == null) return ""
-        val now = java.time.LocalDateTime.now()
-        val duration = java.time.Duration.between(time, now)
+        val now = LocalDateTime.now()
+        val duration = Duration.between(time, now)
         val seconds = duration.seconds
         if (seconds <= 60) return "방금"
         val minutes = duration.toMinutes()
-        if (minutes < 60) return "${'$'}minutes분 전"
+        if (minutes < 60) return "${minutes}분 전"
         val hours = duration.toHours()
-        if (hours < 24) return "${'$'}hours시간 전"
+        if (hours < 24) return "${hours}시간 전"
         // 그 외: 날짜 (yyyy-MM-dd)
         return time.toLocalDate().toString()
     }